Category: Dementia Care

Wandering and Exit-Seeking: 9 Tips for Keeping Residents Safe

12/6/2021

Article originally published March 2019. Updated December 2021.

When I was an elder abuse investigator several years ago, I investigated a challenging case. Miriam*, who was 87, had eloped from her adult care home the previous day. She had managed to leave out the one door that was not alarmed. She had fairly advanced Alzheimer’s disease, and though her memory and judgement were both strongly affected, she was physically able to maneuver with little issue. This is often the case with individuals who have Alzheimer’s disease. My stomach sank, though, as I continued reading the report. Miriam was still missing.

I investigated and hoped for a good outcome, but unfortunately there was no positive outcome for Miriam in this case. I found out a few days later that local law enforcement found Miriam deceased, not far from her care home.

This story highlights an extreme outcome of wandering and elopement. Fortunately, most cases end with the resident safely back at home. Still, this story reinforces the importance of not becoming complacent. This situation could have happened to any care home provider. It’s an unfortunate story that illustrates the importance of managing wandering and preventing elopement in adult care homes.

Wandering vs. Elopement

The terms wandering and elopement are often used interchangeably; however, they are not exactly the same. Wandering is pacing or aimless walking. This generally takes place inside the home or facility, though it can also take place outside. These are the individuals you see who pace up and down the hallway, seemingly without direction.

Elopement, on the other hand, is the unplanned exiting of the home or facility. It commonly includes “exit-seeking behavior.” This exit-seeking behavior and elopement from the home puts residents at great risk of harm, as Miriam's story tragically illustrated.

According to the Alzheimer’s Association, 60% of people living with dementia will wander at least once.

Who is at Risk?

According to the Alzheimer’s Association, 60% of people living with dementia will wander at least once. Additionally, according to adult foster home surveys conducted by the Portland State University Institute on Aging, 45% of residents in adult foster homes in Oregon have some type of dementia.

Who is most at risk?

Residents with cognitive limitations or who recently moved to your home are at increased risk.
Those who have a history of wandering or exit-seeking behavior are at great risk.
Individuals who have some form of dementia are at greatest risk, especially individuals who are in the middle stage of Alzheimer’s disease.

Assessing for Elopement Risk

What can you do to recognize and reduce the risk of elopement? Your screening process is the first step. It is important to conduct a thorough screening to find out if your potential resident is at risk for elopement and if you have elopement prevention options in place. During your screening interviews, ask if the individual has ever displayed exit-seeking behavior or wandered outside the home or facility. Additionally, if the individual is currently in a facility, review their narratives, care plan, and any incident reports to find out if there is a concern about wandering and/or elopement.

Also, be sure to assess for elopement risk both during screening or after the resident has moved to the care home when their condition has changed.

It is important to understand, even if you’ve conducted a thorough screening, or the resident has no prior history of wandering or elopement, they could still elope from your home after admission. In these instances, it's vital to put interventions in place and care plan to reduce further risk of elopement.

9 Tips for Keeping Residents Safe

How do you keep residents with wandering or exit-seeking behaviors safe? Below are several tips and evidence-informed interventions for keeping residents safe. This is not an exhaustive list, as each resident’s needs and situation are unique, but it is a place to start.

Tip 1: Care plan around wandering
Recognize and document when a resident is most likely to be at risk, and what possibly triggers their wandering or elopement. Increase the level of observation.

Tip 2: Meet the holistic needs of the resident
If a resident is confused about where he or she is and insists he or she needs to “go home,” or “go to work,” use non-pharmacological interventions to address his or her underlying feelings and needs. Could she be bored? Might he be lonely?

Tip 3: Keep residents active during the day
Provide person-centered, meaningful activities and tailor the activities to the cognitive abilities of the resident.

Tip 4: Install door alarms on exterior doors of the home
Make sure to install alarms on all exterior doors and keep them turned on at all times.

Tip 5: Consider using an ID bracelet
An example of an ID bracelet is the Alzheimer’s Association Medic Alert + Safe Return® bracelet.

Tip 6: Enroll the individual in a local safe return program
Ask the resident's legal representative to contact your local sheriff's office or police precinct to find out if they have a registry for individuals at risk, like the Washington County Sheriff’s Office Help Me Home Program.

Tip 7: Make changes in the home environment
Paint exterior doors a similar color as the wall or consider a mural. Make the home environment comfortable, as well.

Tip 8: Provide a space for residents to wander safely inside or outside
Residents can wander safely with advanced planning. If a resident wants to walk outside, plan for a caregiver to go with him or her.

Tip 9: Include the resident's care team
Involve the resident's family and/or legal representative and others to help problem-solve around concerning, exit-seeking behavior. You don't have to do this alone.

Awareness, Prevention & Intervention

Sometimes you can do everything within your power to keep residents safe, and things will still happen. It is important, then, to recognize the point at which an adult care home may no longer be the safest placement for a resident with exit-seeking behavior who is an elopement risk.

Fortunately, what happened to Miriam is a rare outcome in situations when a resident elopes from the home. With awareness, prevention, and intervention, you can keep residents who wander safe.

*name and details have been changed

Author

Alyssa Elting McGuire, MA, MPA is founder and consulting & training director of Oregon Care Home Consulting & Training, and co-owner of Care Construction Northwest.

Email Alyssa

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I See You: The Importance of Person-Centered Language in Dementia Care

3/26/2021

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Article by Matt Gannon

Life is fundamentally about relationships and our connections to others. Humans operate to gain and maintain control (in varying degrees) within relationships: to ourselves, with others, to our environment, spiritually, and to our place in the larger world around us. This is like a balancing act we operate throughout our lives.

We ascribe meaning and purpose to the different relationships. Many relationships will shift and change over time, while others remain relatively the same. Within our relationships we have choices and we maintain control of our time, effort, participation level and, the interests being served - all of which shape who we are, our characters, and our identities.

The Dementia Experience

Dementia is progressive. Over time dementia demands a different type of communication to find and keep positive connections in relationships. Dementia creates a loss. For the people living with dementia, there is a progressive loss in abilities and independence.

When we attempt to understand the dementia experience, what can become more understood is how a person living with dementia is losing a sense of control in their lives.

One thing I have come to know well in my time of caring for people living with dementia is how life for them tends to become less about content and detail - and more about feelings. I also know people living with dementia do not lose their ability to feel, understand and recognize the emotion they are having when feeling it. They may not be able to understand and express fully why they are feeling what they are, but the feeling itself is familiar.

Emotional memories are very deep-rooted memories and are still often more accessible and familiar (especially when utilizing the senses). The emotional experiences of a person living with dementia can be broken down into two categories: positive & negative. They may be feeling one way or another, or a combination of both at times, but how they are feeling and what they are feeling matters when it comes to providing care.

Over time dementia demands a different type of communication to find and keep positive connections in relationships.

What is Person-Centered Language?

When providing person-centered care and communicating with a person living with dementia, it is important to do all we can as providers so the person ultimately feels more of a sense of control - this becomes our goal in each moment. It starts with an acknowledgment and validation to the moment you share, and to what emotion you sense is being felt. This can be done by communicating with feelings, both verbally and non-verbally.

What is person-centered language and why is it important when caring for people who are living with dementia? It is about respecting the individual in our care approach at all times. Once we know the person we are caring for, we can plan and deliver care to them based on our knowledge of who they are as a unique person who also happens to be living with dementia.

As you read the phrases below, ask yourself how does it feel to switch from one phase to another?

I have a dementia resident.......

Our resident is a person living with dementia.

My dementia resident is having challenging behavior…….

Our resident is having a negative emotional expression.

When I am dealing with a dementia resident…..

When I am caring for a resident who is living with dementia.

You need to, you have to, we have to now......

Would you like to, what do you think/feel about this?

When we move to using person-centered terms, our approach, attitude, tone, body language, and empathy can change. It will benefit both us and the person living with dementia because what we do and say can have a significant effect on how they are feeling. If we carry the right mindset, the right attitude, and the right outlook then we are ready in our right care approach.

Less is often more when choosing the words we say as we communicate to a person living with dementia. Show more, talk less is generally a good formula.

We pursue short, brief, and repeated words and sentences as many times as necessary. We strive to create words together that become familiar between us and familiar to whatever activity we may be doing within our routines, we can identify the words and use them repeatedly as they become mutually understood. We can look to use words the person living with dementia tends to use or respond best to, or phrases that mean something to them. It is up to us to learn what those important words and phrases are, and when we do, to share those words with anyone else who provides care to that person.

When we move to using person-centered terms, our approach, attitude, tone, body language, and empathy can change.

Insert positively-charged words into statements, such as “ah, that’s a good thing, that’s a good one isn’t it, I like that, I love that, that feels good, doesn’t that feel good? that looks good, and thank you”. A positive way of communication can be to offer suggestions over telling or directing what one needs to do.

When assisting a person in any way, from pushing their chair in for them to buckling their seat belt, or helping to get a jacket sleeve on, it is important to seek their sense of satisfaction or approval before moving on to the next thing/task. This can be done by simply asking, “Ok then? Are you happy with that? Does that feel good? Is that a good one?” Or even doing the thumbs-up gesture and awaiting their response before moving on, as this communicates respect and how you see them and care enough to ensure they are satisfied with what you’ve done to assist, before another task or agenda takes over. This is person-centered language.

Why is this important?

How much or how little we know about a person we are caring for makes a big difference. A person living with dementia is still the “person” they have always been and in many ways will continue to be. But they are also changing and different in some ways now. What they need from us the most is to SEE them for who they are and to know what makes them unique. By doing this we are reaching the center of a person and can care for them in a way that charts their personal care course - providing a feeling of control, not taking more away.

Person-centered language is part of how we communicate to people living with dementia who depend on us to understand, and to be able to connect in the most respectful ways possible. Respect matters in all of our relationships, but for the person who is living with progressive dementia that is affecting their brain, we must ensure our approach and the language of our care is received in the way our residents living with dementia require - to have the strongest relationships we possibly can.

What they need from us the most is to SEE them for who they are and to know what makes them unique. By doing this we are reaching the center of a person...

About the Author

Matt Gannon is a consultant & provider services coordinator with Oregon Care Home Consulting & Training. He co-developed and instructs Pre-Service Dementia Training.

Email Matt

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Wandering and Exit-Seeking: 9 Tips for Keeping Residents Safe

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